Diagnosing oral cancer and precancerous lesions early has been a persistent challenge due to the invasive and costly nature of biopsies. Researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine have developed a groundbreaking, noninvasive test to identify oral cancer and monitor lesions effectively.
The Beta Defensin Index (BDI)
The new test measures the levels of two proteins—hBD-3 (elevated in early oral cancer) and hBD-2 (low or unchanged)—from cells collected through a simple brushing technique. By comparing the ratio of these proteins in suspicious lesions to normal tissue, a score called the Beta Defensin Index (BDI) is calculated.
- High BDI score: Indicates potential cancer.
- Low BDI score: Suggests no cancer.
Key Advantages
- Noninvasive & Cost-Effective: Eliminates the need for routine biopsies.
- Accurate Screening: Reduces unnecessary biopsies in primary care by 95%.
- Accessible in Underserved Areas: Can be used in developing countries with limited pathology services.
Validation and Future Potential
The BDI was successfully validated across multiple institutions and is now patented. A point-of-care (POC) device is under development, allowing results within 30 minutes in clinics, thanks to a collaboration with Case School of Engineering.
Impact
Oral cancer constitutes 90% of head and neck cancers, which collectively rank as the seventh-most common malignancy globally. This innovation is poised to significantly improve early detection, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, saving lives and reducing healthcare burdens.
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Source: ScienceDaily